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RNA editors peptidyl transferase with GTP PROPERTIES: 42 ribose nucleotides (yellow) 1 DNA section (purple double "ladder") 6 amino acids (beads with pipe cleaners in them) connectors 6 transfer RNA (blue) Poly A tail Cap Scissors Tape Nametags SET: Theater in the square Indicate the nucleus, the ribosome, and the cell membrane. SCRIPT: ACT I The enzyme polymerase unzips the DNA at the promoter. RNA polymerase initiates transcription. Base-pair matching occurs along one side of the DNA strand copying the DNA from 3 prime to 5 prime end. Ribose nucleotides continue to move into complementary positions with RNA polymerase binding the ribose nucleotides to each other at the 3 primed end of the RNA polymer. This process continues at a rate of 60 nucleotides per second until a terminator triplet is reached and the new strand of messenger RNA is released. Ad lib until the process is complete. As the messenger RNA peels away from the DNA, hydrogen bonds reform between base pairs of DNA. Meanwhile, messenger RNA travels past the "RNA editor" sometimes called a splicesome. The RNA editors remove intervening sequences, splice exons and add a cap and a poly A tail sequence to the messenger RNA on its way through the nuclear membrane and onward to the ribosome. ACT II Messenger RNA finds a ribosome which clamps down onto the leader sequence. Transfer RNA selects an amino acid matching its triplet and carries it to the ribosome and aligns itself with the corresponding position of the messenger RNA beginning with the initiator tRNA (UAC). This happens again, matching the second codon of the messenger RNA moving from the 5 prime to the 3 prime end of the messenger RNA. One amino acid is bonded to the next using the energy of GTP, a relative of ATP. The ribosome continues to move along the messenger RNA, adding new amino acids to the newly forming polypeptide as it goes. Peptidyl transferase separates the growing polypeptide from its transfer RNA as strands move out of the ribosome they separate. Finally a terminator triplet is reached and the new polypeptide is released This new polypeptide or protein folds and coils on itself by bonding between the R-groups of amino acids like the sulfide bonds between cysteine or hydrogen bonds between histidine and glutamic acid assuming its secondary and tertiary structure so that it has a unique shape suited to its function. EPILOGUE This is the way that the code of DNA, which is also known as a gene, is translated into proteins. Proteins are the enzymes and building materials of cells. Enzymes control the chemical reactions that occur in the cell. The chemical reactions of all the cells of a single body make the individual what it is!! 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